Have you had an EMG/NCS ? I would definitely ask for one as your description fits a lot of the onset of my neuropathy symptoms. I have hereditary neuropathy, and had a lot of mechanical issues as a child, but the shooting pains in the ankle and the numbness in legs and arms started much later.
The other test that is important is the skin biopsy. It diagnoses small fiber neuropathy which is what you often get with diabetes. It can be hard to diagnose without the skin punch biopsy which is a simple procedure.
I believe that the symptoms you are describing will show up on the EMG/NCS as they sound quite advanced.
I hope that you get some help soon. This is very scary in the beginning for everyone, but it does get easier. It can be a frustrating condition to treat, though, doctors are often not much help which is why there is so much self-help info here. Spend time reading about the supplements which others have found useful.