.pdf dated march 2014, not sure when this was written, very interesting at least to me.
sorry if it's already been posted.
http://iospress.metapress.com/conten...2/fulltext.pdf

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease 4 (2014) 1–13
DOI 10.3233/JPD-130335
IOS Press
1
Review
Interventions that Improve Body and Brain
Bioenergetics for Parkinson’s Disease Risk
Reduction and Therapy
Mark P. Mattson
Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA

Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicne, Baltimore, MD, USA
Abstract
. Studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, animal models and pathogenic actions of genetic mutations that cause
familial PD have established that neuronal bioenergetics are compromised with brainstem and midbrain monoaminergic neurons
being particularly vulnerable. Peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes in midlife may increase the risk of PD, and diet and
lifestyle changes that increase insulin sensitivity (exercise and intermittent energy restriction) can counteract neurodegenerative
processes and improve functional outcome in animal models. Insulin sensitizing glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs
are beneficial in animal models of PD, and the results of an initial clinical trial in PD patients are promising. In addition to
improving peripheral and brain energy metabolism, exercise, intermittent energy restriction and GLP-1 analogs may bolster
neuronal adaptive stress response pathways that enhance neurotrophic signaling, DNA repair, proteostasis and mitochondrial
biogenesis.