I take carnosine now and did notice a difference inmy bodys response to it...though I also am practically sugar free diet (have my serving spoon of natural vanilla bean ice cream before bed at night) I bake with stevia/ truVia/ agave and xylitol and it has taken years to develop recipes using these alterate sweetners. Along with exercise , fresh organic vegies and fruits /fermented papya , and lots of beans...I do very well. My body doesn't show signs anymore of a downward spiral with PD ...only my face is showing progression...need a facelift and my eyes stare if dopamine gets too low