With both you and Sally lol, and did Google it. But so far seems to be nothing more than an antioxidant, primarily derived from grape seeds. I eat grapes and drink wine so covered . Along with blueberries, cranberries, love me some apple skin (respiratory health). But still get frequent bronchial infections, Ms and being tested for RA too. Can say no UTIs though so guessing the cranberries work great for me , even if the apples and juice didn't save the gall bladder or bronchi.