1. 2. and 3. Nobody knows.

4. The proper supplements can help the brain repair the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers. It also help restore and maintain the blood brain barrier. They can help the brain tolerate stress. They can help the brain metabolize properly.

5. Every concussion results in permanent brain injury. That may be only evident when a subsequent concussion is suffered resulting in more severe and prolonged symptoms and recovery time. Or, it may mean symptoms manifest during times of stress. For some of us, PCS may be prolonged from a single concussion. For others, we suffer Multiple Impact Syndrome meaning we have suffered a cumulative injury that causes persistent symptoms.

In my case, I have suffered symptoms since my severe concussion at 10 years old. I did not understand these issues until I learned more about PCS years later. I did not connect my struggles with depression and struggles with friendships until decades later.

6. Yes, to all. PCS can be due to a myriad of neurological injuries and dysfunctions. The right supplements can help, but slowly over time.

Supplements are not just a healing aid. These also help with day to day function. For many, we know that supplements are a lifetime commitment to allow us to be more functional. Without my supplement regimen, I tend to be moody and volatile.

But, these answers do not change anything. Focusing on the whys and wherefores just causes anxiety. Anxiety is a brain polluter and stressor.