Much of the more recent research done in the Netherlands showed that the very intensive approach to pain management which is a feature of these inpatient programmes for children, is equally effective for adults. They are very much of the opinion that the same kind of tough, rigorous programme is the best way to treat adults with the focus being on restoring function and not 'fixing' pain. Interestingly, having the focus on functional restoration actually ended up reducing peoples' pain levels as a 'by-product'.