Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have uncovered a major reason why the Parkinson's-related protein alpha-synuclein, a major constituent of the Lewy bodies that are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), is toxic to neurons in the brain. The finding has the potential to lead to new therapies that could slow or stop progression of the devastating illness. The new research appears online today in Science Translational Medicine.

degenerating neurons contain large clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein. People whose cells make too much alpha-synuclein or make a mutated form of the protein are at high risk of developing PD because of the protein's toxicity, researchers found. Scientists also demonstrated that the accumulation of alpha-synuclein in PD is toxic because it disrupts the normal functioning of mitochondria--the tiny powerhouses responsible for generating a cell's energy.


In the new study, Dr. Greenamyre and his team--led by coauthors Roberto Di Maio, Ph.D., and Paul Barrett, Ph.D., both of PIND--used a well-established rodent model of PD to show exactly how alpha-synuclein disrupts mitochondrial function. They found that by attaching to a mitochondrial protein called TOM20, alpha-synuclein prevented the mitochondria from functioning optimally, which resulted in the production of less energy and more damaging cellular waste.



Pitt researchers find key to Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration | EurekAlert! Science News