--that is secondary to inflammatory vasculitic disease or mechanical pressures, by reducing nerve swelling and/or other compressive forces pressures on the nerve. And by modulating the immune response, it could well help neuropathies that act through autoimmune mechanisms, which are often highly inflammatory.

Steroids are actually fairly standard treatment for conditions that can affect nerves. I have a friend with neuropathy secondary to the swelling of polyarteritis nodosa, and her steroid regimen certainly reduces her neuropathy symptoms, though it doesn't completely eliminate them. And I know that many people with radiculopathy (nerve root swelling/irritation/compression) have tried steroid regimens, with varied degrees of success.

But again, this all depends on what's causing the neuropathy--it seems less likely to work for neuropathies that are predominantly smaller fiber, or for those for which inflammation is not a major component (such as toxic neuropathies that disintergrate the axon).