--stress can certainly induce neuropathy symptom "flares", and this is not only restricted to small-fiber syndromes, although those syndromes with small-fiber involvement often produce the most neural pain.
This seems at the very least to have something to do with the release of inflammatory substances that happen in stressful situations--part of the "fight or Flight" reaction of the sympathetic nervous systems.
BTW, have you seen the interesting artciles in the Useful Websites section about small-fiber syndromes? (Look for the long list under my name--there are other as well.) Small-fiber syndromes due to diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance and vasculitis are quite common, as are "idiopathic" syndromes involving small fibers in which it is suspected autoimmune factors play a role:
http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/NEUROMUSC...ory-small.html