Pre-diabetes is where insulin starts to be made in excess. This can lead to low blood sugars in between meals. Low sugar also damages cells. Doctors don't really address low sugar in diabetes. But there are some new studies to show that just one attack of very low sugar--ONE--increases risk of Alzheimer's!

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146021.php

It's not hard to imagine not enough sugar getting to your fingertips or feet with chronic low sugar readings. In fact the ACCORD study stopped the aggressive arm of trying to keep type II patients below an HbA1C of 6. People were dying during the study, so they dropped it. European studies showed at one time that people with low HbA1C lived longer. But now that is being thought to be a STRESSER on the nervous system. Now the target is 7.0 for elderly patients.

When the mitochondria do not get glucose to run the energy requirements of cells, they can run on fatty acids. Acetyl Carnitine and lipoic acid are thought to enhance this. Studies are showing more and more benefits for acetyl carnitine. It is something to think about.