Sinemet CR
dyskinesia-related labeling followed by the Zyprexa
(olanzapine) dyskinesia-related labeling.

Carbidopa does not decrease adverse reactions due to
central effects of levodopa. BY permitting more
levodopa to reach the brain, particularly when nausea
and vomiting is not a dose-limiting factor, certain
adverse CNS effects, e.g., dyskinesias, will occur at
lower dosages and sooner during therapy with SINEMET
CR (Carbidopa-Levodopa) Sustained-Release than with
levodopa alone.

Patients receiving SINEMET CR may develop increased
dyskinesias compared to SINEMET (Carbidopa-Levodopa).
Dyskinesias are a common side effect of
carbidopa-levodopa treatment. The occurrence of
dyskinesias may require dosage reduction

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http://www.parkinsons-information-ex.../msg00864.html

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http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291931-treatment



parkisonian side effects from meds?

Medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and stress may precipitate or aggravate parasomnias. A careful history of psychosocial stresses, alcohol or drug use, and symptoms of depression should be obtained. Also, a detailed Mental Status Examination should be performed. Patients found to have an underlying psychological or psychiatric disorder should be seen by a psychologist or psychiatrist, and appropriate therapy should be offered.[38, 16] [3, 39, 40]

•The treatment of parasomnias is aimed at lessening the frequency and/or intensity of the events.
•Whether any of the disorders responds better to one of the commonly used agents than another remains unclear.
•The treatment of rapid eye movement behavior disorder is as follows:
◦Treatment for REM behavior disorder is initiated with clonazepam at 0.5-1.5 mg taken at bedtime. This medication has been shown to be beneficial in the long-term. Drug discontinuation often results in prompt relapse. The exact mechanism of action of clonazepam in patients with REM behavior disorder is not known, but its serotonergic properties may inhibit nocturnal motor activity in the brainstem and thus prevent arousals.
◦Tricyclic antidepressants occasionally are used in the treatment of REM behavior disorder.
◦Imipramine, which has serotonergic effects, has been used in the treatment of REM behavior disorder, but the effects are unpredictable.
◦Anecdotal reports of levodopa/carbidopa, gabapentin, and clonidine have been published, but the benefit of these drugs has not been systemically evaluated.
•RLS and PLMD are treated with 3 classes of medications. Treatment guidelines are as follows:[41, 42, 43, 44, 45]
◦Anti-Parkinson medications, such as levodopa/carbidopa, bromocriptine, and pramipexole (Mirapex), have been used.


◦Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, clonazepam, temazepam, and lorazepam, also have been used.
◦Opiates, such as codeine, oxycodone, methadone, and propoxyphene(withdrawn from US market) are other drugs that have been used.
◦Several studies have reported efficacy of different medication