Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy in the Management of Subacute Radiating Low Back Pain

Objective: Percutaneous neuromodulation therapy (PNT) is a new minimally invasive, office-based treatment for low back pain in which electrical stimulation is delivered to the paraspinal peripheral nerves

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...3.03019.x/full
http://www.prohealthphysio.co.nz/fil...08750557-2.pdf

Conclusion: For many patients with subacute radiating low back pain, PNT significantly reduced pain and self-rated disability, and improved sleep quality and activity level. PNT is safe and generally well tolerated.

https://securews.bcbswny.com/wps/wcm...df?MOD=AJPERES

PENS is generally reserved for patients who fail to get pain relief from TENS, apparently due to obvious physical barriers to the conduction of the electrical stimulation (e.g., scar tissue, obesity)