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Member
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Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Maryland outside WASH DC
Posts: 258
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Member
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Maryland outside WASH DC
Posts: 258
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MS & pine bark (pycnogenol).
It lowers MMP-9s. MMP-9s make holes in the BBB and enter brain and cut meylin in little pieces. NOT THE CAUSE OF MS!!! But the way the damage is done.
http://home.ix.netcom.com/~jdalton/Yongrev.pdf
jackD
Quote:
Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Mar 15;36(6):811-22.
Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol).
Grimm T, Schäfer A, Högger P.
SourceInstitut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany.
Abstract
The procyanidin-rich maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol has well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. After oral administration of Pycnogenol two major metabolites are formed in vivo, delta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone (M1) and delta-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone (M2). We elucidated the effects of these metabolites on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and determined their antioxidant activity to understand their contribution to the effects of maritime pine bark extract. We discovered strong inhibitory effects of M1 and M2 toward the activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. On a microgram-per-milliliter basis both metabolites appeared more active than Pycnogenol. The metabolites were more effective than their metabolic precursor (+)-catechin in MMP inhibition. On a cellular level, we detected highly potent prevention of MMP-9 release by both metabolites, with concentrations of 0.5 microM resulting in about 50% inhibition of MMP-9 secretion. M1 was significantly more effective in superoxide scavenging than (+)-catechin, ascorbic acid, and trolox, while M2 displayed no scavenging activity. Both metabolites exhibited antioxidant activities in a redox-linked colorimetric assay, with M1 being significantly more potent than all other compounds tested. Thus, our data contribute to the comprehension of Pycnogenol effects and provide a rational basis for its use in prophylaxis and therapy of disorders related to imbalanced or excessive MMP activity.
PMID:14990359[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2008 Feb;19(1):42-51. Epub 2007 Jun 19.
Quote:
MMPs in the central nervous system: where the good guys go bad.
Agrawal SM, Lau L, Yong VW.
SourceHotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in the developing, healthy adult and diseased CNS. We emphasize the regulation of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis by MMPs during CNS development, and highlight physiological roles of MMPs in the healthy adult CNS, such as in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory.
Nonetheless, MMPs as "the good guys" go bad in neurological conditions, likely aided by the sudden and massive upregulation of several MMP members.
We stress the necessity of drawing a fine balance in the treatment of neurological diseases, and we suggest that MMP inhibitors do have therapeutic potential early after CNS injury.
PMID:17646116[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Last edited by jackD; 03-11-2012 at 07:52 PM.
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