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03-18-2011, 07:19 PM | #1 | |||
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Iron Deficiency and Overload
Nutrition and Health Series, 2010, Part 2, 95-123 Iron Deficiency and Excess in the Brain: Implications for Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Moussa B.H. Youdim, Manfred Gerlach and Peder Riederer Abstract • Iron is a two-way sword. Either its brain iron deficiency (ID) or excess profoundly affects brain function. • ID can result in reduction of brain iron by roughly 35% as contrast to a 90% depletion in the liver. Thus it is tightly controlled. It is associated with impairment of cognition and learning processes which may result from alteration in dopaminergic, at the level of its receptor subsensitivity, and increased opiate neurotransmission. Other aminergic systems are not profoundly affected... ...• One of the major findings on brain iron metabolism is its accumulation at neuronal sites which degenerate and give rise to neurodegenerative disorders ... Some are familial disorders, with mutation of genes involved in iron metabolism.. • The role of iron and its accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta ... has indicated that iron participates in the Fenton reaction to induce oxidative stress-dependent damage to the neurons... . ...• It is apparent that iron accumulation may have a pivotal role in the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Future studies must illuminate why the process of neurodegeneration results in iron deposition and from where it is transported when it has limited access across the blood–brain barrier. http://www.springerlink.com/content/r306688xn2211403/ ---------- (author's research at Oxford Univ led to development of rasagiline)
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