[johnt]

Prune juice helps reduce, but does not cure, my problems with constipation.

What causes its effectiveness?

Van Gorsel et al.[1] analyse the composition of various fruit juices. Prune juice comes out relatively low in citric, ascorbic, malic and tartaric acids, but (along with kiwi fruit) high in quinic acid. Also (along with grape) it has relatively high levels of tyrosine.

Given that prune juice has a bigger effect on me than other juices, I'm inclined to focus on the differences between prune juice and other juices.

Tyrosine, although a precursor to levodopa and hence to dopamine, is unlikely to be important here, because for most people the critical path in dopamine synthesis is not tyrosine per se, but the catalyst tyrosine hydroxylase. [2]

So, let's focus on quinic acid.

Can it get through the blood brain barrier?
Probably. Wikipedia [3] states: "In rats, theogallin, or its metabolite quinic acid, can move through the blood–brain barrier and can have cognition enhancing activities".

Can it be converted to dopamine in the brain?
I don't know. But, exasperatedly, there's a paper that I can't access called:
Chem Ber. 1968;101(9):3313-25.
[Conversion of quinic acid into dopamine and noradrenaline].
[Article in German]
Fischer M, Friedrichsen W, Grewe R, Haendler H.
Can anyone access this paper?

Are there any references to its usefulness in PD?
I've not been able to find any mention of its use specifically in PD. However, a recent paper by Lee et al. [4] states "Quinic acid derivatives have various
beneficial effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis B virus, hypoglycaemic, and hepatoprotective activities and inhibition of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis." [4]

Reference

[1] J. Agric. Food Chem, 1992, 40, 784-789
"Compositional Characterization of Prune Juice"
Hendrik van Gorsel, Chingying Li, Eduardo L. Kerbe1,t Mirjam Smits,t and Adel A. Kader'

[2] Wikipedia, "Tyrosine hydroxylase"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase

[3] Wikipedia, "Theogallin"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theogallin

[4] "Quinic acid derivatives from Pimpinella brachycarpa exert
anti-neuroinflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced
microglia"
Seung Young Lee a, Eunjung Moon b, Sun Yeou Kim b,c, Kang Ro Lee a,
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23 (2013) 2140–2144
naturalproduct.skku.edu/erp/erpmenus/professor.../bmcl_lsy.pdf

John

[soccertese]

let's say this can pass the brain barrier.
evolution has created a brain where the production of neurotransmitters is highly regulated, which is why we can eat meat, if every tyrosine molecule got converted to dopamine in the brain we'd self-destruct. so if there is a pathway that converts this compound to dopamine, why would you think it would make a difference? it would be highly regulated and you have to get the dopamine to the right place in the brain.

that's why such small amounts of dopamine agonists work, milligrams compared to the need for almost a .5 to 1gram of levodopa, the body makes it tough for some amino acids to even get into the blood stream.
the brain doesn't regulate agonists but they stimulate dopamine receptors, that's why l-dopa helps but not tyrosine, the brain regulates dopamine, if there is too much it is broken down or sequestered, if not enough the brain makes more, assuming you don't have parkinson's.