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08-27-2006, 12:39 AM | #1 | |||
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In Remembrance
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I would like to propose that the cause of an intensification of
symptoms in PD is a leaky or defective Blood Brain Barrier I believe that we all have toxins circulating in our blood stream. In a normal person, they circulate harmlessly, since the BBB is doing its job. In a person with PD, the barrier is defective, and toxins are allowed to leak into the brain, where they interfere with the dopamine production and transfer to the receptors. Indeed,the BBB has been found to be defective in PD patients. See 2. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Parkinson's disease KL Leenders, R Kortekaas, AL Bartels, J Oostrom, A Willemsen, J Bart S77, P257 The blood-brain barrier is defective in PD patients, according to this study. PET imaging of verapamil was used to measure activity of the P-glycoprotein system, which transports unwanted substances out of the endothelium back into the blood. Comparing five PD patients to five controls, the authors found significant differences in the brain penetration of verapamil (18% higher for PD patients, p=0.02) only in the midbrain region. All patient values were higher than all controls. The authors suggest, "A faulty BBB function on the basis of genetic predisposition might in the course of years allow toxic compounds—or compounds normally circulating in the blood but not passing the BBB—to enter the brain in certain regions and damage vulnerable cells." Anything that widens the pores of the BBB, causes an intensification of symptoms. For example stress is known to do this, and has been shown to widen the pores.See http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/pdf...4/15024-10.pdf "After receiving a drug to protect them against chemical weapons, many Israeli soldiers serving in the Persian Gulf War suffered adverse side effects from the inoculation. These reactions puzzled physicians, who had expected the blood-brain barrier to keep this drug—like many other chemicals circulating in the blood—out of the brain. Now, an Israeli study suggests that stress may have temporarily opened the blood-brain barrier. "It was surprising—we saw quite large amounts of brain penetration," says Hermona Soreq of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a coauthor of the report in the December NATURE MEDICINE." Other processes or compounds that are known to intensify the symptons of PD, and widen the BBB are: Nitric oxide is a compound associated with casusing a worsening of the symptoms. Nitric oxide is a well known compound causing neuro damage. It is reported that nitric oxide "promotes BBB dysfunction" http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cacheXmHa4nUQ- sJ:http://www.pharm.stonybrook.edu/facu...irka/lab/2006- parathath_etal.pdf+Blood+brain+barrier+manganese+n itric+oxide&hl=en&g l=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1 Another known toxin to cause PD, carbon monoxide also opens up the BBB. "CONCLUSIONS: Carbon monoxide, involving in the occurrence of hypotension and the increase of blood-brain barrier permeability, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11983134&dopt=Abs tract Organic phosphates are another chemical in this class http://www.foresight-preconception.o...oklet_agro.htm Chronic exposure to OPs has been found to result in a gradual loss of brain stem cholinergic muscarinic and nicotinic (97-101) and serotonergic (102,103) receptors, as well as to an increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (104). Note that OP's (organic phosphates) are implicated in causing PD. PD people have been shown to have abnormally high levels of iron in their blood In http://www.medicinenet.com/script/ma...ticlekey=62531 where it is shown that if a baby has an underdeveloped BBB, it can absorb high levels of iron, leading to PD in adulthood. If we have a leaky BBB since birth, it would account for the high levels of iron Old age is known to increase chances of getting PD. Our BBB's gradually lose their effectiveness with older age, explaining the greater risk to older people.See http://www.nootropic.com/smartdrugs/index.html "Loss of permeability of cell membranes with aging is correlated with dehydration, declining enzyme activity and increasing lipofuscin accumulation." Of the compounds known to improve symptons of PD, I have found without exception that they all decrease the porosity of the BBB. GDNF http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP/gs/88604.html we previously reported that GDNF reduced the endothelial permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Bilberry extract http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2000/mar00-cover1a.html In addition, bilberry extract has been shown to enhance the blood- brain barrier, which tends to become impaired with aging, showing a decrease in vascular density, increased permeability and other abnormalities. The normal functioning of blood-brain barrier is important not only for keeping out toxins and undesirable compounds, but also for glucose transport to the brain. Anthocyanins and related compounds seem able to decrease capillary permeability (possibly by stabilizing membrane phospholipids). Animal studies have also shown that if the blood-brain barrier becomes damaged and too permeable, anthocyanins help restore normal permeability Curcumin, a favourite supplement with many PD people. . The yellow ingredient turmeric, found in curry, has been shown to strengthen the blood-brain barrier to resist attacks" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-brain_barrier High blood pressure will weaken the BBB, and it is associated with a high incidence of PD Parkinson's in general does not cause highblood pressure, although many people withParkinson's, particularly if they are elderly, mayalso have high blood pressure, Parkinson's in general does not cause highblood pressure, although many people withParkinson's, particularly if they are elderly, mayalso have high blood pressure, Parkinson's in general does not cause highblood pressure, although many people withParkinson's, particularly if they are elderly, mayalso have high blood pressure, though See http://64.233.161.104/search? q=cache:4mku3awcc8gJ:www.parkinsons.org.uk/Shared_ASP_Files/UploadedF iles/68168C8E-F404-44E9-91B7- 841B814616F1_Lowbloodpressureinformationsheet.pdf+ % 22High+blood+pressure%22+Parkinson%27s&hl=en&gl=uk &ct=clnk&cd=23 Conclusion. Substances which increase the porosity of the BBB make PD symtoms worse, whilst those that decrease porosity improve symptons. Research should investigate the effect on PD sufferers of other known compounds which decrease the porosity of the BBB Ron Hutton |
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08-27-2006, 04:29 PM | #2 | |||
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In Remembrance
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Another thing which increases the permeability of the BBB is inflammation. Further, it does the same thing in the intestine.
One of the effects of H pylori is inflammation of and increased permeability of both these membranes. This allows more toxins to leech into the bloodstream and to pass into the brain. Further, endotoxins from similar bacteria are always in the blood from the steady die off that is normal. Infections, periodontal disease, etc. add to the load. I think Ron's BBB idea is definitely worth talking through. Rick
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Born in 1953, 1st symptoms and misdiagnosed as essential tremor in 1992. Dx with PD in 2000. Currently (2011) taking 200/50 Sinemet CR 8 times a day + 10/100 Sinemet 3 times a day. Functional 90% of waking day but fragile. Failure at exercise but still trying. Constantly experimenting. Beta blocker and ACE inhibitor at present. Currently (01/2013) taking ldopa/carbadopa 200/50 CR six times a day + 10/100 form 3 times daily. Functional 90% of day. Update 04/2013: L/C 200/50 8x; Beta Blocker; ACE Inhib; Ginger; Turmeric; Creatine; Magnesium; Potassium. Doing well. |
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08-28-2006, 07:20 AM | #3 | |||
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ex Member
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The theory is based on the study concerning "Blood-brain barrier dysfunction". The full original reference is not given above, and appears to be Annals of Neurology [2005] 57 (2) : 176-179 (Kortekaas R, Leenders KL, van Oostrom JC, Vaalburg W, Bart J, Willemsen AT, Hendrikse NH.)
The decrease in blood barrier function is quite small (about 18%), and due to the statistical error allowed for may be less than 10%. This would not explain the as much as 90% reduction in function of the enzymes involved in dopamine biosynthesis that is known to occur in Parkinson's Disease. The study compares the results of people with Parkinson's Disease against a control group. However, there is no indication in the study that the control group was age controlled. Given that the average age of people with Parkinson's Disease is above average, the study may merely indicate that blood brain barrier function deteriorates with age. This was subsequently proven in another study that has been published since then : Clinical Pharmacological Therapeutics [2006] 79 (6) : 540-54 (Toornvliet R, van Berckel BN, Luurtsema G, Lubberink M, Geldof AA, Bosch TM, Oerlemans R, Lammertsma AA, Franssen EJ). They used exactly the same methods using verapamil, and demonstrated the age related deterioration in function of the blood brain barrier. The suggestion that the blood brain barrier function deteriorates with age and thereby increases the likelihood of Parkinson's Disease is inconsistent with the known prevalence of Parkinsons' Disease. In the following newly published study it was found that virtually none of the people between the ages of 110-119 had Parkinson's Disease : Journal of American Geriatric Society [2006] 54 (8] : 1237-1240 (Schoenhofen EA, Wyszynski DF, Andersen S, Pennington J, Young R, Terry DF, Perls TT.) At the age of nearly 120, their blood brain barrier function should have greatly deteriorated. and if the theory was correct, thereby make them most prone to Parkinson's Disease, yet in the oldest of people Parkinson's Disease is virtually unknown. Of the dozen or so toxins that are known to be able to cause Parkinson's Disease, most of them are not commonly encountered. The only exception is carbon monoxide which has never been shown to result in Parkison's Disease unless the carbon monoxide poisoning has resulted in a coma. The other inconsistency with the theory is that if toxins via reduced blood brain barrier function resulted in Parkinson's Disease, then why doesn't it result in all other potential neurological disorders, because there are dozens of cell types in the nervous system. The dopaminergic neuron is only one of them. Many people with Parkinson's Disease suffer additional problems that could be a result of the dysfunction of certain nerve cell types, such as dementia. However, many people with Parkinson's Disease do not. Thisis obviousy inconsistent with the theory of Parkinson's Disease resulting from a general toxicity that would affect the nervous system generally. |
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08-28-2006, 09:32 AM | #4 | |||
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In Remembrance
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Hi Keith,
Another alias, The Godfather!! I can't remember the all the aliases you used when you were banned from Braintalk 1. Still, nice to hear from you again. Best wishes Ron |
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08-29-2006, 01:42 PM | #5 | |||
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08-29-2006, 02:56 PM | #6 | |||
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In Remembrance
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Yes, thanks Thelma, I did not realise Keith Bridgeman's pseudo science had done so much damage. His style is unmistakeable, yet he never has the sense to alter it. He spent months trying to convince me we had met, in the hope I would worry when etc., only to admit months later it was a lie.
I get quite a laugh over his musings, Ron |
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08-29-2006, 03:08 PM | #7 | |||
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ex Member
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At least be honest Ron. You wrote a long time ago how you had been winding me up. For a short while (not for months) I returned the favour as a joke.
If my knowledge of biochemistry is inferior to yours, how come you can't rebut any of my criticisms of your theory on this Thread ? |
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