[reverett123]

From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10165/
Other Centuries Available at Site


Chapter 4Twentieth Century – Timeline for PD

William J. Weiner, M.D. and Stewart A. Factor, D.O.
Author Information

1911 First synthesis of D/L dopa (1)

1912–13 Description of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions (later referred to as Lewy bodies) in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and substantia innomita- the substantia nigra was considered unaffected in the original report (2–3)

1913 Levodopa isolated from broad bean plants at Roche and a simplified manufacturing process described (4)

1917–26 Encephalitis lethargica- Secondary parkinsonism (5–6)

1919 Constancy of Nigral Lesions in PD (7)

1929 Use of large doses of atropine for PD (8)

1940 First Neurosurgical approach to the basal ganglia for treatment of postencephalitic tremor (9)

1947 First sterototactic pallidotomy (10)

1950s Introduction of synthetic anticholinergics (11)

1951 Discovery of dopamine (“Encephalin”) in the brain and the determination that only levodopa could increase its CNS concentration (12)

1951 First use of apomorphine in PD (13)

1952–53 Substantia nigra lesions essential and occurrence of Lewy bodies required as definite criteria in neurologists definition of PD (14–15)

1955 Introduction of thalamotomy [ventrolateral (VL)] for tremor (16)

1957 Catechol compounds demonstrated in brains of a variety of animals (17)

1957 Reserpine demonstrated to reduce brain dopamine; and reserpine-induced bradykinesia in rabbits reversed with levodopa (18)

1958–59 Dopamine demonstrated to be highly concentrated in the caudate/putamen (19–20)

1958 Catechol compounds including dopamine demonstrated in human brain (21)

1960 Description of Shy-Drager syndrome (22)

1960 Dopamine decreased in the corpus striatum of brain from patients with PD (23)

1961–62 First reported successful trials of intravenous and oral low dose levodopa. (24–25)

1964 Description of striatonigral degeneration (26)

1964 Description of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (27)

1964–65 Histofluorescence techniques demonstrate that dopamine is concentrated in substantia nigra neurons, and existence of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway discovered (28–29)

1967 First successful oral use of high dose D/L dopa (30)

1968 Description of corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBGD) (31)

1969 First successful use of oral high-dose levodopa (32)

1969 Multiple system atrophy (MSA) – Unifying concept for striatonigral degeneration (SND), Olivoponto–cerebellar degeneration (OPCA) and Shy–Drager syndrome (33)

1969 First successful use of Amantadine (34)

1970 Larodopa (levodopa) approved by Food and Drug Administration for use in PD and levodopa introduced in worldwide distribution for PD (35)

1973 Introduction of decarboxylase inhibitors with levodopa (36)

1973 FDA approval of Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa)

1973 Concept of dopamine receptor agonists (37)

1974 Identification of striatal dopamine receptors (38)

1974 First clinical use of dopamine receptor agonists in PD (39)

1975 Introduction of levodopa and benserazide (Madopar) (35)

1975 First clinical use of L-deprenyl in PD (35)

1978 Bromocriptine approved for use in the United States

1979 MPTP-induced parkinsonism first reported (40)

1979 Dopamine receptors exist as subtypes (41)

1983 MPTP-induced parkinsonism more fully described (42)

1985 First use of atypical neuroleptics (clozapine) for psychosis in PD (43)

1986 Parkinson Study Group (PSG) formed

1989 Thalamic DBS to treat tremor (44)

1989 Pergolide approved for use in the United States

1989 Selegiline approved for use in the United States

1990 Contursi kindred-large autosomal dominant parkinsonism kindred reported (45)

1990 Description of diffuse Lewy body disease (46–49)

1992 Reintroduction of pallidotomy for PD (50)

1991 Sinemet CR approved for use in the United States

1995 Subthalamic DBS to treat all features of PD (51)

1997 Pramipexole approved for use in the United States

1997 Ropinirole approved for use in the United States

1997 Mutation in Alpha-synuclein gene identified in Contursi and other families with PD (52)

1997 Mutation for juvenile parkinsonism reported (53)

1998 Tolcapone approved for use in the United States

1998 Lewy bodies – stain for alpha-synuclein (54)

1999 Entacapone approved for use in the United States

1999 First double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrating efficacy of an atypical neuroleptic (