link to the website of the company which performed the experiemnts noted in next post. Interesting info regarding testing for apoptosis and mitochondrial damage detection.

http://www.mitosciences.com/parkinsons.html

Products for Parkinson's Disease Research

- Research Kits
- Dipstick Assay Kits
- Individual Antibodies


Overview
An increasingly popular model of Parkinson's disease proposes that the disease is due to a reduced OXPHOS activity caused by damage to Complex I by environmental toxins. This effect is amplified by susceptiblilty to these reagents in some individuals because of mutations/polymorphisms in the mitochondrially encoded subunits of this complex.

Decreased mitochondrial efficiency is known to increase free radical production by mitochondria. This is suggested to increase the levels of oxidation and nitration of proteins, including parkin and the proteosomal proteins which are responsible for removing damaged proteins from the cell.

The result is aggregation of oxidatively-damaged synuclein, a protein prevalent in brain, which then forms so-called Lewy bodies. These aggregates are thought to alter intracellular dynamics and cause apoptotic cell death. In this model, Parkinson's is a systemic disease which progresses fastest in the substantia nigra because of a particularly high rate of free radical production in these dopaminergic cells.


Research Kits

MS101 MitoProfile® Complex I Immunocapture Kit
250 µg, 500 µg or 750 µg monoclonal antibody irreversibly crosslinked to protein G-agarose beads which can immunocapture ~60 µg, ~120 µg or ~180 µg respectively of Complex I (NADH dehdydrogenase) from heart mitochondria. Also included are 2 mg of bovine heart mitochondria for control immunocapture.

MS601 MitoProfile® Human Total OXPHOS Complexes Detection Kit
Contains a total of 360 µg or 720 µg of antibodies and is a premixed solution of 5 monoclonal antibodies against a subunit of each of the 5 OXPHOS complexes in mitochondrial preparations from human sources. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.

MS602 MitoProfile® OXPHOS/PDH Immunocytochemistry Kit
A cocktail of 220 µg antibodies comprised of six mAbs packaged individually. Each antibody is against a labile subunit of each of the 5 OXPHOS complexes and PDH. Each mAb is provided in a 50 µl aliquot at a 200x concentration, to allow reconstitution of each mAb in 10 ml working volume.

MS602a MitoProfile® OXPHOS/PDH Immunocytochemistry Kit
Includes the same components as MS602 (above), but additionally contains 60 µg mAb against porin, and 120 µg against Complex V α subunit, and the required secondary antibodies for simultaneous 2 dye staining of samples.

MS604 MitoProfile® Rodent Total OXPHOS Complexes Detection Kit
Contains a total of 300 µg or 600 µg of antibodies and is a premixed solution of 5 monoclonal antibodies against a subunit of each of the 5 OXPHOS complexes in mitochondrial preparations from rodent sources.


Dipstick Assay Kits

MS130 MitoProfile® Dipstick Assay Kit for Complex I Activity
Contains 30 or 60 dipsticks and necessary components for quantitative analysis of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in human, bovine, rat, and mouse samples.

MS131 MitoProfile® Dipstick Assay Kit for Human Complex I Quantity
Contains 30 or 60 dipsticks and necessary components for quantitative analysis of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase in human and bovine samples.

MS133 MitoProfile® Dipstick Assay Kit for Rodent Complex I Quantity
Contains 30 or 60 dipsticks and necessary components for quantitative analysis of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase in mouse and rat samples.


Individual Antibodies

MS103 Complex I subunit GRIM-19 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 19 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit GRIM-19. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control. MS103 also labels GRIM-19 in immunocytochemical applications. Interestingly GRIM-19 is also present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Its expression is necessary for interferonβ/retinoic acid induced tumor mortality.

MS104 Complex I subunit NDUFS4 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 22 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit NDUFS4. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.

MS105 Complex I subunit 20 kDa (likely ND6) monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against a Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) 20 kDa subunit. Preliminary data (2D blotting and Rho0 blotting) indicate this antibody is reactive against the mtDNA encoded ND6 subunit. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.

MS107 Complex I subunit 15 kDa (likely NDUFA6) monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against a 15 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit. Preliminary data (2D blotting) indicate this subunit is the NDUFA6 subunit. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control. MS107 also labels in immunocytochemical applications.

MS108 Complex I subunit NDUFB6 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 20 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit NDUFB6. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.

MS109 Complex I subunit 8 kDa monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against an 8 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.

MS110 Complex I subunit NDUFS3 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 30 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit NDUFS3. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control. MS110 also labels NDUFS3 in immunocytochemical applications.

MS111 Complex I subunit NDUFA9 monoclonal antibody
100 µg of monoclonal antibody reactive against the 39 kDa Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit NDUFA9. Human heart mitochondria are also included as a Western blotting control.


Featured
Product

MS101 MitoProfile® Complex I Immunocapture Kit

This kit allows for isolation of Complex I from small amounts of tissue. This facilitates subsequent analysis of post-translational modifications (including oxidative damage) by proteomic approaches or antibody detection of these modifications.

Uses for this kit include but are not limited to examining alterations of Complex I subunits in inherited mitochondrial diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, schizophrenia, and aging.