Parkinson's disease -(as secondary condition)
 

http://www.mayoclinic.org/parkinsons-disease/types.html



Many neurological disorders share features of Parkinson's disease. These disorders are collectively referred to as parkinsonism.

A patient with Parkinson's disease symptoms may be referred to as parkinsonian, but may have a disorder other than Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Plus Syndromes
Parkinson's plus syndromes (PD Plus) include some signs of Parkinson's disease, as well as additional symptoms such as inappropriate eye movement control (see progressive supranuclear palsy), autonomic dysfunction (see multiple system atrophy), muscle weakness and atrophy, profound memory difficulties and behavioral disturbances, and others.

Some Parkinson's plus syndromes include:

•Dementia with lewy bodies
•Progressive supranuclear palsy
•Multiple system atrophy
•Coriticobasal degeneration
•Parkinson's disease with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

PD caused by hypoglycemia...

SECONDARY PARKINSON'S DISEASE
The many secondary causes of parkinsonism all affect the neurons involved in basal ganglion function. The classic secondary cause was the worldwide pandemic of influenza beginning in 1917 that often resulted in von Economo's encephalitis. Many of these patients developed parkinsonism even years later, with typical degenerative changes in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra.

Parkinsonian features may be seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and general paralysis of the insane (GPI), but they are hardly ever found in association with multiple sclerosis or cerebral tumor. Cerebral anoxia from any cause, including “successful” resuscitation after cardiac arrest, repeated hypoglycemic attacks, and repeated head injuries (as in boxers) also produce parkinsonian signs. Rigidity and akinesia, but not true Parkinson's disease, may follow multiple cerebral infarcts and have been seen in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and Wilson's disease.

Parkinsonism may be induced or unmasked by numerous drugs and other chemicals (see Chapter 166 ). Neuroleptic drugs are dopamine antagonists and frequently induce parkinsonism, especially the piperazines such as haloperidol and fluphenazine. Metoclopramide, the antidepressant amoxapine, some calcium channel blockers (e.g., flunarizine and cinnarizine), and amiodarone can all cause tremor or other parkinsonian features. A number of toxins can induce parkinsonism, including the illicit narcotic designer drug known as MPTP, manganese, and petroleum wastes.


http://wiserwiki.com/Parkinson's_Disease