Jules, if you are interested in learning more go to the www.thisisms.com website and look for the special forum on CCSVI. There is TONS of info with all the links to the scientific papers and research. They just had a conference on Sept. 8 in Bologna Italy which included doctors from the U. S. A woman whose husband has MS (and he had surgery to fix his veins) attended and took extremely detailed notes about what the presenters had to say. There is also an open facebook page now with the notes and links etc. Just type in CCSVI multiple sclerosis facebook in google. Fascinating stuff and all the doctors who attended the conference are extremely excited about this new paradigm. They believe the problem with varicose veins is the same process going on in the neck/head.