Look at this issue in a different way.

Exercise is helpful to prevent blood glucose problems which can lead to diabetic neuropathy.

Exercise keeps muscles and the heart strong.

Exercise improves circulation in the body, and for those with poor blood flow (and hence neuropathy developments), it can help in the long run.

BUT.... People who have something in their blood like some drug or toxin, or heavy metals, or autoimmune disease, will
have MORE blood delivered to those nerves who will react more.

If a person has an inflammatory problem, arthritis or some other inflammatory issue, then exercise may inflame that process. Stress increases inflammatory cytokines (Cox-2 family).

If a person has some problem not recognized in the feet and legs, some compression issues, tight shoes, broken sesamoid bones, spurs on the ankle, psoriatic arthritis, neuromas, then surely the feet will hurt more with exercise. For these people swimming is often a good compromise.

But just having shoes laced too tightly can cause all sorts of grief in the feet... so having a really good podiatrist evaluate your feet is a good way to screen for the negatives.